Section 3: Continued ...Fitness Program

B. Warm-Up Exercises

Exercise Descriptions
The following stretches are effective for improving flexibility in each muscle group. Begin your warm up period by performing light aerobic activity, such as marching or jogging in place and arm circles.

1. Side-to-Side Look
Stretches the neck muscles.
Slowly turn head and look to right. Then slowly turn head back to center and look to left.

2. Forward and Down Look
Stretches the neck muscles.
Slowly look downward. Don't put chin on chest.

3. Standing Cat Stretch

Stretches the upper and lower back
Stand with feet slightly wider than shoulder-width apart. Keep knees bent. Hinge forward at hips and place hands just above knees. Do not bend at the waist. Begin with back straight and flat, arch back up pulling in with abdominals and curl chin towards chest. Return to flat back position. Do not arch back down past the flat back position.

  4. Shoulder Turn Stretches the lower back.
Stand with feet slightly wider than shoulder-width apart. Keep knees bent. Hinge forward at hips and place hands just above knees. Do not bend at the waist. With back straight and flat, gently press left shoulder downward and bring right shoulder upward with a smooth twisting motion. Repeat on other side.

5. Chest Stretch
Stretches the chest muscles
Stand next to wall approximately 8-12 inches away. Extend arm back placing palm of hand on wall below shoulder level. Thumb faces the ceiling. Slowly rotate body away from wall. Repeat on other side.
 
Shoulder Stretch
Stretches the shoulders and upper back muscles.
Stand up straight with feet shoulder-width apart and knees slightly bent. Reach left hand across body to right shoulder. Use right hand to hold arm. Place right hand on back of left arm just above the elbow. Gently press the left arm with the right hand. Do not rotate torso. Repeat on other side.
Arm Circles

Stretches the chest and shoulder muscles.
Standing with feet shoulder-width apart and knees slightly bent, perform slow, full-arm circles backward 5 to 10 times, then forward the same number of times. The thumb-side of the hand should always lead and the arms should brush past the ears and the sides of the trunk.
Side Stretch or Reach
Stretches the muscles on the sides of the trunk.
Standing with feet shoulder-width apart and knees slightly bent, place the left hand on the right outer thigh and extend the right arm overhead with the thumb pointing backward. Reach straight up with the right hand as you slide the left hand down your thigh towards your knee until you feel a stretch up your side. Do not allow the right foot to raise from the floor. Reposition the arms and do the same on the other side.
Wall Lean
Stretches the muscles in the back of the lower legs.
Stand about arm’s distance away from a wall and feet slightly apart. Put both hands on the wall. Keeping the heel on the floor, toe slightly turned in and the leg straight, slide one foot back until a stretch is felt in the calf. Repeat on the other side.
Stride Stretch
Stretches the muscles in the front of the thigh.
Stand facing sturdy bench approximately 2-3 feet high. Keeping hips and shoulders straight forward, place one foot flat on top of bench. Maintain erect posture while pushing hips forward until you feel the stretch in the front of the hip. Do not allow the front knee to go beyond the mid-foot. Repeat on the other side.
Hamstring Stretch
Stretches the muscles in the back of the thigh
Stand facing sturdy bench approximately 2-3 feet high. Keeping hips and shoulders straight forward, place one heel on top of bench. Maintain a flat back while hinging slightly forward at the hips until you feel the stretch. Do not bend at the waist.
Groin Stretch
Stretches the muscles of the inner thighs and hips.
Sit with your back flat against the wall. Bring the soles of your feet together and allow your knees to drop to the floor. Gently press the knees toward floor with hands.
Knee to Chest
Stretches the muscles in the lower back and the back of the thighs.
Lie on the floor on your back. Pull one knee toward chest with hands clasped behind your bent knee. Repeat with other leg. Finally, pull both knees toward chest.
Supine Leg Stretch
Stretches the muscles of the back of the thigh.
Lie on the floor on your back with one leg bent and foot flat on the floor and the other leg extended in the air. Wrap a towel behind the extended knee. Slowly pull the leg back toward your head. Repeat on the other side.
CAUTION: When it comes to stretching, you should feel the stretching sensation in the muscle, NOT the joints. If you feel pain in the joints, check to be sure you are using the correct position to do the exercise, reposition yourself as necessary, and try again. If you still feel pain in the joints, avoid that exercise.
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